Saving holders can assess their savings by issuing securities from issuer companies, brokerage houses or securities exchanges. However, investing in securities requires knowledge and expertise. In addition, since individual savings generally do not reach sufficient size, the portfolios created by them are also risky portfolios. This risk may be the subject of capital or it may be a matter of bringing in the portfolio. For this reason, mutual funds and investment trusts, which are called collective investment institutions in the capital market, have been created.
A collective investment enterprise is called an investment fund when it is established as a separate and independent legal entity according to legal structures and an investment fund when it is established by another legal entity within a contractual framework.
Before making the definition of the mutual fund, it is useful to reveal what the portfolio is. A portfolio refers in its broadest sense to the entirety of the assets that a person or organization has. Mutual funds manage portfolios of securities, precious metals and capital market instruments such as money reserves, partnership shares, bonds they collect from the public. Each investor becomes a partner in the fund portfolio by taking the share of the portion of the portfolio that the fund has.
You can make money from your fund investment in three ways.
Thus, when investors sell their participation shares, they receive their share of the increase / decrease in the value of the mutual funds up to that time in their portfolio.
Participation share shows how many shares the investor has in the fund portfolio. We can compare the share of mutual funds in the company's ownership interests. How investors become partners in companies by taking share of partnership and if they are entitled to those companies, they are also partners in mutual funds with participation shares in mutual funds. However, shareholder ownership does not have the right to participate in fund management while shareholder owners can participate in the management of the company.
The price of participating participation shares is calculated by the founder on every working day and this price is applied in the purchase and sale of participation shares on the following day. The following procedure is followed in the calculations:
On the valuation day, the fund portfolio value is calculated taking into account the prices of the assets in the portfolio that are traded, exchanged and sold,
The total value of the fund is determined by adding the credits of the fund to the fund portfolio value and deducting the debts,
The Fund's total value is reached by dividing the total number of shares by the number of shares in circulation on the valuation day.
For example; If you pay 100 TL for a contribution with a total value of 1 TL per participation fee, you can get 100 contribution points. If the total fund value per participation share drops to TL 0.9 (because of the value of the securities in the fund portfolio), you still have 100 participation shares, but the value of your investment now drops to TL 90. If the price of the participation increases to $ 1.1 (because the value of the securities in the fund portfolio has risen), your investment will go to $ 110 (assuming that the trading commission is not in this example).
During the above mentioned transactions, the interest, dividend, purchase and sale gains and daily value increases obtained from the assets in the fund portfolio are recorded as fone income on the same day and therefore they are reflected to the share price calculated for each day of the participation shares. In this way, the investor who has been dismissed from the fund at a certain date has received the amount of his or her share of the fund's earnings until that day.
In the purchase of shares of participation or the transfer of fonds, the purchase order is given to the place where the purchase and sale of the participation share declared by the builder will be announced.
In addition, the Turkish Electronic Funds Distribution Platform (TEFDP), a centralized fund distribution platform through which the participation shares of eligible funds can be purchased and sold, is also purchased through the telephone and internet banking and ATM systems of the Founders or the Investment Organizations that have not signed the fund participation purchase and sale intermediation agreement. Sale order may be issued. Mutual fund participation shares are bought and sold within certain hours during the day.
"Pricing" method is applied as the pricing principle in funds other than money market funds and short term debt instruments funds. The principles of this method are given below.
Basis for Participation SharesDetermination of the trading bases according to a different stock market or market where the trading of the assets in the portfolio is performed by the funds of the investors' BIST Share Market / Debt Instruments Market (excluding the market hours in Borsa Istanbul A.Ş. ) Is fulfilled at the share price that will be in the first calculation following the order of purchase instructions purchase instructions given on the days when they are open (up to 12: 00-12: 30 hours in practice) specified in the fund prospectus.
On the days when the BIST Pay Market / Borrowing Instruments Market is open, the instructions delivered after the above mentioned hour are accepted as given after the calculation of the initial share price and are carried out at the share price in the following calculations.
The instructions delivered on the days BIST Pay Market / Borrowing Instruments Market is closed will be based on the share price to be found in the first calculation to be made on the first working day.
Principles of Collection of Purchase PricesDuring the issuance of the Purchase Order, it is the responsibility of the Founder to collect the requested share price. Purchase orders can be given as a share number or amount. Since the price to be applied to the purchase transaction is not known precisely, the maximum price of the participation fee shall not exceed 20% of the last declared sales price (this division may be written at most 20%. Additional margin may be collected. In addition, the participating shareholders may accept the equivalent value of the hold which is obtained by applying the latest declared margin to collect the transaction day.
If the instruction is given as an amount, the specified amount shall be collected and the number of shares corresponding to this amount shall be calculated after the fund price is disclosed.
The amount collected on the basis of the purchase order is deducted on behalf of the investor for that day (The amounts collected from investors for the share purchase order by the funds to be sold to the preferred investors for interest hedge instruments are not remeasured, but the interest hedge instruments that can be deducted from the investors' In addition, in case the operational infrastructure is suitable, it is possible not to value the amount collected on the investor's request and written instructions, provided that written instructions are taken, in the case of participation order purchase order.
For funds to be traded in the TEFDP, the following points also apply;
Purchase instructions for funds to be traded in WPI may be given as a number of shares or an amount. If the installer is given as the number of shares of the instruction, the price to be applied to the purchase transaction may be collected by adding the margin of the participation fee to the last announced sale price. In addition, the participating shareholders may accept the value of the securities equivalent to the hold obtained by applying the most recently declared bid margin to collect the transaction date.
In case the instruction is given as the amount, the number of participating shares which is instructed on the price to be determined by deducting the 20% margin from the sale price of the last announced participation share is matched in the TEFDP. The final share is calculated after the nominal fund price is disclosed. The share purchase instructions given on the collected equivalent shareholder are canceled.
For freelance funds, the share prices may be different and longer than the announcement period for the number of shares.
Participation Share Sales PrinciplesOn the days when the investors' BIST Share Market / Borrowing Instruments Market is open, the participation share given up to the time specified in the fund prospectus is fulfilled at the share price that will be in the first calculation following the instructions of the sale instructions.
Instructions issued after the time specified in the fund prospectus on the days when the BIST Pay Market / Borrowing Instruments Market is open are deemed to have been issued after the first price calculation and are carried out on the share price in the following calculations.
The first working day following the instructions on the days when the BIST 'Share Market / Debt Instruments Market is closed is based on the share price to be found in the first calculation to be made.
Payment Principles for PaymentParticipation share fees; If the return instruction is given until the time specified in the fund prospectus on the days when the BIST Pay Market / Borrowing Instruments Market is open, the first (following the fund may also be second according to the order) If the Borrowing Instruments Market is issued after the specified time in the fund prospectus on the days when the Borrowing Instruments Market is open, it will be paid to the investor on the first trading day following the issuance of the instruction (the fund may be second or third depending on the method).
For money market funds and short term debt instruments funds, pricing principles are as follows:
Investors who wish to purchase or withdraw shares can purchase and sell the shares at the price determined according to the principles specified in the explanations by applying to the places where the purchase and sale of the participation shares will be made during working hours determined by the Founder during the working days of the fund. Trading transactions can not be made outside these hours.
All share participation including the transactions to be performed by the founder in his / her name shall be given to the purchase and sale instructions separately for the purchase and sale instructions, and the transactions shall be carried out according to this priority order."
The investor specifies the number of shares of the mutual fund that he would like to buy or sell today. However, the investor does not know the purchase price of the mutual fund, so he sends the buyer to the installer by adding a maximum of 20% margin to yesterday's fund price (determined by the by-law / explanation by the founder and applied to all investors). For example, if the buyer's order is given by 12:00, the transaction will be made at the specified price this evening. If the order is given after 12:00, the purchase price is the price that will be announced next day.
When purchase is requested, until the time when the cash purchase order delivered to the fund founder is realized, it is imbued to the founder in repo and similar fixed income vehicles.
To give a numerical example; On 20.09.2014 we wanted to buy 100 units from a fund with a unit price of TL 1. In this case, we give a maximum of 20% of the amount of funds we demand (1 * 100 = 100 TL) (once again remember that this margin is determined by the founder by the bylaws and the same applies to all investors). This amount is kept until tomorrow when the fund price will be determined. Let's suppose that until tomorrow until 21.09.2014, the amount of money is increased to 130 TL with the amount dampened and when the fund is tomorrow (21.09.2014), the fund price is announced as TL 1.1. In this case, the amount of money required to pay 11 * 100 = 110 TL will be. Our increased cost will be in our 20 TL account. If we give the request from the time specified in the fund prospectus, we will process it based on the fund price announced on 22.09.2014. If the purchase request is given as an amount rather than as a number of shares, the purchase is made with the number of shares corresponding to the amount of money corresponding to the amount of money in our account. The situation is the same except for nematizing when you want to make sales. No sale is made in the sale. Taking into account the swap period and the cash structure of the fund, the amount determined on the basis of the selling price on the day of the transaction determined by the bylaw / explanation of the fund shall be paid to the investor.
Participation share unit share price shall be declared by the Founder at the address where the shares are bought and sold for each working day and in the TEFDP. Istanbul Clearing and Custody Bank Inc. , Many data and statistics on funds will be available to investors in the Fund Information Platform. You can also find fund prices on the economy pages of daily newspapers. However, it should be noted that the price declared in the gazette is the price of one day before the date of the transaction. In addition to these, you can find out the daily prices of funds from some funders' phone lines or internet addresses. In weekly economic magazines, the weekly performances of funds are included. When looking at the share of participation in the fund you have, remember to find the full name of the fund. Because some funders have more than one fund, all are given a different name
With this principle, it is possible for mutual funds to distribute the risks to the extent that individuals can not provide them with their own means. I think you have 10 thousand TL. You can only invest in a few partnership shares with this money (because certain amounts of the Borsada partnership shares can not be traded under -lot-), which increases your risk. For example, the financial situation of two companies in which you buy a partnership share and the possibility that the prices of the partnership shares are falling are much higher than the possibility that the prices of the shares of the 25 companies are falling. Mutual funds, on the other hand, can accumulate thousands of people's money and create portfolios worth millions of TL, thereby increasing the chance of being affected at least by the time of any decline in the price of the partnership share, by investing in many more partnerships.
Technical markets that require a certain amount of knowledge in terms of securities market qualifications and the developments in this market need to be monitored closely. Naturally, it is difficult for individuals to do such a regular follow-up, and that the developments in these markets tend to anticipate the effects on the price of securities and take timely stance accordingly. Mutual funds can have trained staff members in the necessary navy and securities markets because they have a large amount of money to collect money from a large number of people. In this way, they constantly follow what the movements observed in the markets mean and perform necessary transactions (such as buying / selling).
Mutual funds, while able to invest in a number of assets within certain constraints, are those whose primary purpose is to purchase and sell securities and to generate income from the profit shares and interests of these securities with the positive difference between transactions.
Mutual funds are based on faithful property. On the basis of faithful property, he has faithful founder of the fund. Owners of savings will be given the authority to make fund-related treatments. This authorization is granted by the transfer fund rules. The founder has to manage the fund in the framework of this contract (bylaws) and by protecting the rights of the savings owners.
Mutual funds are based on faithful property. On the basis of faithful property, he has faithful founder of the fund. Owners of savings will be given the authority to make fund-related treatments. This authorization is granted by the transfer fund rules. The founder has to manage the fund in the framework of this contract (bylaws) and by protecting the rights of the savings owners.
Although the fund is not a legal person, the property of the fund is separate from the founder. In addition, under the Capital Markets Law, fund assets can not be pledged, collateral can not be displayed and can not be seized by third parties. In other words, the protection of fund assets is secured by law.
Mutual funds can bring cost to investors in three different ways. The first of these is commissions that are cut from investors due to trading. However, such commissions are not mandatory and the funds are free to implement and implement them. In case of application, it is necessary to include how the entrance and exit commissions are calculated in the fund's internal regulations and prospectus.
Management fee, which is the second cost element, is the fee paid for fund management for fund management. Generally, the biggest share of fund expenses is the fund management fee.
Other cost elements that investors need to bear in mind are expenditures from fund assets during the operation of the fund. Since these expenditures are met by fund assets, it reduces the unit share price and the return of the fund, and it is more difficult for investors to understand this effect. These expenditures are proportional to the size of the fund, and the expenditure of the larger portfolio size is also more than amount. For this reason, in order to accurately measure the size of these expenditures, it is necessary to use the expense ratios calculated by dividing the total expenditure amount by the total value value of the fund. The higher the expense ratio of the fund, the greater the negative effect on returns. For this reason, while comparing different funds, expense ratios are also an important factor to consider. Investors can learn the expense ratios and sizes of the funds they invest in from the fund's internal rules and explanations. In addition, information about the expense ratios of the funds is provided on the website of the Kamuyu Illumination Platform (KAP). Information on fund management fees and entrance and exit commissions is disclosed on the website of fund founders.
The expenses to be covered by the portfolio play an important role in investors' investment decision as they directly affect performance. Therefore, the introduction of upper limits on these expense has a positive effect on the income earned by investors' funds.
Accordingly, the sum of all expenses such as management fee, commission fees, registration and declaration expenses that are met from the fund will not exceed the rates determined in Communiqué No: III-52.1, "Communiqué on Funds for Mutual Funds" (Communiqué).
Expenditures that mutual funds can cover from assets include:
- Fund Management FeeFund management fee is the fee paid for fund management. Fund management fee is calculated as a certain rate of total fund value for each day. Fund management fees are included in the fund statements.
-Start FeeBased on the calendar year, on the last working day of each quarter, the Board's fee is paid by applying the rate determined by the Board to the total value of the funds of that day (5 in current case).
- Registration and Advertisement ExpensesFunds' documentation costs can be covered by fund assets. However, funders must meet advertisements for funds.
- Independent Audit FeeThe financial statements prepared by the funds for the annual periods are subject to independent auditing together with the portfolio reports prepared as of the last day of the relevant accounting period and the fees paid to these institutions are covered by the fund assets.
- Storage FeeFunds are the fees paid to conserving institutions for the preservation of their assets.
- Tax liabilities of the FundFunds are also being repaid by covering the taxes they are liable for from the fund assets.
- Other expensesCommissions paid by mutual funds to investment institutions are also covered by the fund assets due to the securities transactions made by the mutual funds. The commission rates to be applied by the mutual funds are specified in the explanations. In addition, all kinds of taxes and illustrations paid in the translation and transfer of assets, the interest of the credits received, the wages paid in the purchase of the portfolio and the sales of the portfolio and the comparison criterion expenses are paid from the fund assets. In addition, other expenditures that are deemed appropriate by the Board are also covered by the fund assets.
Fundamental information of an mutual fund can be obtained from the umbrella fund internal regulation, explanatory statement, investor information form, financial statement and portfolio distribution reports, which are explained in detail below.
It is very important to have enough information about the fund by reading these documents before purchasing the fund shares. If you do not have enough information about the fund's features and risks, you can suffer unexpected losses.
You can find the following documents at the places where funds are bought and sold and at the KAP.
- Umbrella Fund RuleThe agreement on the management and maintenance of the fund portfolio between the bylaws of the mutual funds, the shareholder of the mutual fund shareholder and the founder (legal entity establishing the fund), the custodian (the institution that keeps the securities in the fund portfolio) and the manager (the institution that manages the fund portfolio). The name, address, fund management principles, etc. of the fund are included in the Rules of Procedure. Information. More than one "umbrella-funded fund" may be issued depending on an umbrella funding policy, provided that separate explanation and investor information form is issued for each.
- ExplanationThe prospectus is prepared during the public offering of the shares of the umbrella-funded funds. The fund is a sales document. Fundamental information about the fundamentals (fund foundation, founder and fund address, places where fund shares will be bought and sold, who the fund managers are, experience in the capital market, investment strategy of the fund, investment limitations, expenditures, portfolio structure, related tax regulations etc.) . The prospectuses are announced at the KAP before the public offering and are also available for the examination of the savings owners in the places where the purchase and sale of the participation shares are made.
- Yatırımcı Bilgi FormuYatırımcı bilgi formu da izahname gibi katılma paylarının halka arzı sırasında hazırlanır ve fonun temel nitelikleri ile ilgili asgari olarak şu bilgileri içerir: Fonu tanıtıcı bilgi, yatırım amaçlarının ve yatırım politikasının kısa tanımı ile portföy dağılımı, Fonun varsa geçmiş performansı veya fon türüne bağlı olarak performans senaryo analizleri, Fonun yönetim ücreti, komisyon ve diğer giderleri ile toplam gider oranı, Fonun maruz kaldığı risklerle ilgili uygun açıklamaları ve uyarıları içeren risk ve getiri profili, katılma paylarının alım satım esasları., ilgili vergi düzenlemeleri vb. Yatırımcı bilgi formu, kurucu tarafından düzenli olarak güncellenir.
- Investor Information FormThe investor information form is prepared during the public offering of the participation shares such as the explanatory note and includes at least the following information about the basic qualities of the fund: Fund introduction information, brief description of the investment objectives and investment policy and portfolio allocation, performance if the fund has past performance or fund performance Scenario analysis, Fund management fee, commission and other expenses and total expense ratio, risk and return profile including appropriate explanations and warnings about the risks the Fund is exposed to, principles of purchase and sale of participation shares, related tax regulations, etc. The investor information form is regularly updated by the founder.
- Fund Financial TablesBalance sheet and income table, price reports and independent audit reports related to this table of mutual funds, which are prepared comparatively to the previous year, are announced in the KAP.
- Portfolio Distribution ReportsThe Portfolio Distribution Reports shall be prepared within 6 days of each month to announce the movements of the securities and participation shares within the month and the information about the past performance of the fund and shall be announced to the public through KAP.
- Daily Newspapers and PeriodicalsIn periodical economic journals it is possible to compare the periodical returns of mutual funds. In addition, newspapers and magazines also include news on funds (established / participation shares, public funds funds, information on fund portfolio managers, etc.). In addition, the Istanbul Clearing and Custody Bank Inc. , Many data and statistics on funds will be available to investors in the Fund Information Platform. In the monthly bulletin of our Board of Directors, detailed information about portfolio structure and portfolio distribution of all mutual funds as of last month is included.
Instruments invested by mutual funds under the framework of our scheme are:
Exporters' shares in Turkey, including privatization, private sector and public debt instruments,
Foreign private sector and public debt instruments and issuer shares, which can be traded within the framework of Decree No. 32 on Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency,
Time deposit, participation account and deposit certificates, not 12 months long term,,
On the condition that they are to be traded in the Exchange; Gold and other precious metals and capital market instruments issued on the basis of these mines,
Fund participation shares,
Repo and reverse repo transactions,
Rent certificates,
Real estate certificates,
Warrants and certificates,
Takasbank money market operations,
Cash guarantees and premiums on derivative transactions,
Specially designed foreign investment instruments and loan participation certificates,
Other investment instruments deemed appropriate by the Board.
Since the mutual fund depends on the presence of assets held in its earnings portfolio, it is appropriate for investors to choose the type of fund, in other words, the fund they will invest in after having knowledge about the portfolio composition.
The type of the fund shows which assets are predominantly of the asset.
Funds can be established in the following types.
A)At least 80% of the total value of the Fund is continuously;
1) umbrella funds covering funds invested in domestic and / or foreign public and / or private sector borrowing instruments "BORROWING VEHICLES URBAN FUND",,
2) umbrella funds covering the funds invested in the shares of domestic and / or foreign issuers are classified as "SHARE CERTIFICATE FUND",
3) umbrella funds covering funds invested in capital market instruments based on gold and other precious metals and precious metals that are traded on the stock exchange, "PRECIOUS MINES SEMICANCE FUND"
4) The umbrella funds covering the funds consisting of the participation funds of other funds and exchange traded funds are "FONT BASKET ŞEMSİYE FONU"
B) The umbrella funds consisting of funds with high liquidity and capital market instruments whose liquidity is up to 184 days on a continuous basis and whose portfolio is calculated on a daily basis for a maximum of 45 days, up to a maximum of 45 days. "MONEY MARKET FEMALE FUND"
C) The umbrella funds covering the funds consisting of rental certificates, participation accounts, partnership shares, gold and other precious metals and other money and capital market instruments which are deemed appropriate by the Board shall be consistently provided for all of the portfolio as well as the "PARTICIPATION UMBRELLA FUND"
D)umbrella funds covering funds which do not fall into any of the above categories in terms of portfolio limitations, "VARIABLE UMBRELLA FUND"
E) The umbrella funds covering the funds that have been established for the purpose of selling only to qualified investors are included in "Participation Fee",
F) repayment of the investor to the investor at a certain maturity or on the basis of a certain portion of the initial investment of the investor, of the whole or of the specific investment on the initial investment, in accordance with the principles set out in the information documents;
1) umbrella funds covering the funds pledged on the basis of an appropriate investment strategy and the guarantee given by the guarantor are "GUARANTEED UMBRELLA FUND"
2) Based on an appropriate investment strategy, umbrella funds covering the funds aimed at the best effort framework are defined as "PROTECTING FEMALE FUND"
And funds related to these umbrella funds can be exported. In addition to the above, the types of funds that are appropriate to the portfolio management strategies to be formed by specifying in their explanations may be determined on the condition that they are deemed appropriate by the Board.
Portfolio management companies, which are the establishment and management of mutual funds, can establish funds. The founder is responsible for the administration, representation and preservation of the funds, the dissemination of the funds and the protection of the rights of the shareholders in accordance with the principles of faithful property. The fact that the portfolio is not managed by the founder does not remove this responsibility.
It can create and then change its fund portfolio as it wishes to remain within the limits set by the constituent legislation and fund prospectus.
The Founder represents the Fund Market to the Capital Markets Board, government agencies, shareholders and third parties on behalf of the Fund.
The fund is managed by the manager in the framework of the portfolio management contract made by the fund founder or another portfolio management company to be determined by the founder (the portfolio management companies that receive the portfolio management authorization certificate from the CMB can be the manager). A portfolio management service fee is charged to manage the fund portfolio.
The management of a portfolio is the collection and sale of portfolio assets (partnership shares, bonds, bills, etc.) and the collection of the income of these assets (interest, profit share etc.) within the limits permitted by the legislation and the declaration. Activities such as all kinds of research and analysis, which form the basis for decisions on buying and selling assets, also fall within the scope of portfolio management.
Participation shares have no nominal value and are held as record value. Participation shares representing the fund amount are recorded as Central Registry Agency Inc. Customer basis. Fund shareholdings can not be suppressed and physics can not be delivered.
Participation share transactions are notified to the Central Registry Agency on a daily basis.
Participation Shares Central Registry Agency Inc. , The identity information of each customer and the related account codes and fund information are followed up on a regular basis.
When you invest in a mutual fund, remember that you take a risk. Because the securities received by the fund may fall as the value increases, you may lose some of the capital you invest. However, the risk of each mutual fund is not at the same level. It is possible to distinguish mutual funds as more risky and less risky in themselves.
The most important measure that can be used for this is the risk value in the investor information form. On the other hand, it usually means high potential return, high loss or high risk. While risky funds are more likely to be lost, it is also possible to earn them at a higher rate if the markets go well. For this reason, it is important how much you are risking losing to gain more when you choose between different risk levels. You should choose the fund that you will measure and invest in this frame accordingly.
It would be helpful if you consult an investment adviser or review investment magazines to determine how well the fund you are interested in before investing and how the risk fits into yours.
On the other hand, it is necessary not to confuse funds with deposits. There is no guarantee on mutual funds when deposits are warranted.
-Past PerformanceIn general, all investors should be aware that there is no guarantee that future returns will be made in the future when the securities or mutual funds obtained in the past period are invested in all securities investments and in particular mutual funds. It is important to note that while the Fund has an idea of past performance, it is not guaranteed that this performance will be recovered in the upcoming period. In addition, funds that have set benchmarking criteria to compare their fund performance, publish performance presentations on the KAP and collective investment web sites.
- Expense RatiosThe expense ratios of the fund have an adverse effect on the return. However, a fund with a higher expense ratio will not get a worse return. The expense ratios of funds can vary for various reasons. For example, a fund may create a portfolio once and then choose not to trade too much, while another fund may try to buy and sell more often to gain daily price movements. Naturally, the second fund will pay more trading commissions and the expense ratio will be higher. But perhaps the gains from these trades will more than offset those costs and this fund will achieve a higher return. Nevertheless, it is useful to obtain information about the expense ratios of funds before investing.
- Things to LearnSaving owners who plan to invest in the mutual fund participation rate should acquire sufficient information on the subjects listed below.
The information listed above and any further details as required shall be obtained from the franchise.